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Valentina Matviyenko. This section needs expansion. On 19 January [ O. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. The Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralisation of the Soviet economy. Many other Soviet and Russian space exploration records ensued. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. In Latvia , Russian is officially considered a foreign language. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky , who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry , and Pafnuty Chebyshev , a prominent tutor; Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. The results showed that On the s change in the Russian name of the Russian language and its causes, see: Tomasz Kamusella. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language.

Look up Appendix:Russian Swadesh list in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A. The Slavonic languages. Retrieved June 22, Archived January 17, , at the Wayback Machine from www. Deutsche Welle. Russian was the language of 5.

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Languages of Kyrgyzstan. The history of the Russian language is also divided into Old Russian from the 11th to 17th centuries, followed by Modern Russian. September 21, The French invasion of Russia at the height of Napoleon's power in reached Moscow, but eventually failed as the obstinate resistance in combination with the bitterly cold Russian winter led to a disastrous defeat of invaders, in which the pan-European Grande Armée faced utter destruction. Sergius and Lake Baikal. From onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev , who sought to enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost openness and perestroika restructuring in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government. According to the first such comprehensive assessment published by the Russian statistics agency Rosstat in , the maximum total share of the oil and gas sector in Russia's GDP, including extraction, refining, transport, sale of oil and gas, all goods and services used, and all supporting activities, amounts to Retrieved May 31, The annual celebration of women has become so popular, especially among Russian men, that Moscow's flower vendors often see profits of "15 times" more than other holidays. The title "krai" "frontier" or "territory" is historic, related to geographic frontier position in a certain period of history.

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• They became distinct since the 13th century, i.
• The second volumed edition was begun inbut not all volumes have been Russian.
• Retrieved December 28,
• The Russian Academy 's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared in
• Percentage of ethnic Russians by region according to the census.

It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia.

Russian is a minority language. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languagespoken primarily in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one Russian four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure [23] official language of the former Soviet Union, Russian, Russian. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide.

Russian. Russian Dictionary

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